Book of Proceedings

This study aimed at assessing cattle herders’ perception on effect of land use change on their livelivehood in Katsina States, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to sample 232 pastoralists from the State. The research centered on primary data acquired through questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion and in depth Interview. Both descriptive (frequencies, percentages, mean) and Likert scale were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that herders are aware of the various issues associated with land use, the study also shows the perceived effect of land use change on herders’ livelihood with Decrease in size of herd (RII=0.85), Decreased animal productivity (RII=0.83), Decrease in quantity of milk (RII=0.81), Increased restriction to free grazing areas (RII=0.84), Reduction in water quality and availability (RII=0.79) to greatly affect herders’ livelihood. It is the conclusion of this study that land use change has greatly constrained herders’ socio- economic activities in the study area. Hence, the study recommends among others that policy makers, planners, development agencies and donors should invest on proper planning; that is agricultural expansion, constructions and development of all sort should be well planned, considering impacts on herders’ livelihood. Increase extension farmers‟ ratio and make extension services within reach of pastoralists and improve information forecasting and dissemination through local awareness campaign.

Climate change has emerged as a major threat to sustainable development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where adaptive capacity is limited. This study examines the combined effects of climate-related stress and public health investment on health outcomes relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in eight emerging African economies, namely Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa, over the period 2000 to 2021. Using panel data econometric techniques, including Pooled OLS, Fixed Effects, and Random Effects models, the study assesses how changes in climate conditions and government health expenditure influence maternal health outcomes, a key component of SDG 3. Results indicate that climate change exerts a statistically significant and adverse effect on maternal health, while higher public spending on health services significantly mitigates this impact. These findings underscore the need for integrated policies that link climate resilience with healthcare financing. The study recommends that African policymakers enhance investment in climate-adaptive health infrastructure and increase targeted maternal health spending as part of broader sustainable development strategies.

Abstract
The research topic titled: "Impact Assessment of the Sustainable Development Goal 6 on Clean Water and Sanitation and the Implication for the Perennial Water Problem in Apa Local Government of Benue State" seeks to examine the efficacy of the SDG 6 in addressing the yearly water problems in our localities despite deliberately fashioned and targeted actionable plans for resolutions. This is seen in the eleven target components of SDG 6 however, for the sake of this study, particular emphasis was accorded to five of the components with a view to identifying the extent of implementation. The components are: (1) Safe and affordable drinking water (2) End open defecation and provide access to sanitation and hygiene (3) Improve water quality, wastewater treatment and safe refuse (4) Increase water use efficiency and ensure freshwater supplies, and (5) Support local engagement in water and sanitation management. To this end, the researchers adopted the qualitative and quantitative survey research design and questionnaire was the instrument used for the study. Based on the report of National Population Census (2006) with a projected growth rate of 2.3%, the population of Apa Local Government is 137,900 delineated across council wards and villages. Considering the wide and diverse spread of the population, stratified random sampling technique was adopted. Also, interview was used in interfacing with the State and Federal Ministry of Water Resources and other implementing agencies of the SDG 6. The research concluded that given particular focus on water with SDG 6, a milestone had been attained however, perennial water challenge remained unsurmountable. It therefore recommended among other things for the declaration of emergency on safe and affordable drinking water.
Keywords: Sustainable Development, Perennial Water Scarcity, Sanitation, Apa Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract
Climate change poses significant challenges to agriculture and sustainability in Nigeria, threatening the country's food security, economic development, and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the impacts of climate change on agriculture and sustainability in Nigeria, exploring the challenges, consequences, and potential solutions. Nigeria is heavily reliant on agriculture, which accounts for approximately 25% of the country's GDP and employs about 70% of the labor force. However, climate change is altering the country's agricultural landscape, with rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events having direct impact on agricultural productivity, farm incomes, and food security. The study adopts the vulnerability theory as a conceptual framework that helps to understand the susceptibility of individuals, communities, or systems to harm or damage from external stressors, such as climate change. In the context of agricultural sustainability in Nigeria, vulnerability theory can be applied to examine the impacts of climate change on agricultural systems, farmers, and communities. The study concludes that climate variability and uncertainty, Water scarcity, soil degradation, bush burning to mention but a few as some of the several challenges posed by climate change to agriculture and sustainability in Nigeria. In its findings, the study indicates that rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are altering the growing seasons, crop yields, and agricultural productivity. In its recommendations among others, the study suggests that climate-smart agriculture, climate information and early warning systems and sustainable water management be applied as strategies to contain excesses of climate change on agricultural sustainability in Nigeria.

AbstractThis study examines the effectiveness of collective bargaining as a mechanism for conflict resolution between the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) and the Nigerian Federal Government, particularly during the prolonged strikes of 2020 and 2022. Despite collective bargaining’s global recognition as a peaceful and structured approach to labor dispute resolution, its application in Nigeria’s public university system has often failed to prevent or sustainably resolve conflicts. Findings reveal that ASUU’s recurring industrial actions are rooted in the federal government’s failure to honor previously signed agreements, inadequate funding, poor staff welfare, and disregard for university autonomy. The study further highlights the negative impact of failed negotiations on academic staff productivity, student outcomes, and the overall quality of education. Drawing on Mary Parker Follett’s Constructive Conflict Theory, the research advocates for integrative conflict management strategies such as binding legislation, independent mediation councils, and stakeholder-inclusive dialogue. The study concludes that sustainable industrial harmony and educational development in Nigeria require a shift from adversarial bargaining toward transparent, enforceable, and collaborative conflict resolution frameworks.

Abstract
This study critically examines the dynamics of conflict and peacebuilding in the Gulf of Guinea subregion, with a specific focus on identifying the root causes of conflict and assessing the effectiveness of current peacebuilding mechanisms. The objective of the research is to explore the political, economic, and social drivers of instability—such as oil resource conflicts, maritime insecurity, and ethnic tensions—while evaluating the roles of regional organizations like ECOWAS and community-based initiatives in conflict resolution. The study adopts a descriptive research design using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The population comprises policymakers, security personnel, community leaders, and residents across selected Gulf of Guinea countries. A sample size of 250 respondents was drawn using purposive and stratified random sampling techniques to ensure representation across different stakeholder groups. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. To ensure validity, instruments were subjected to expert review and pilot-tested, while reliability was established using Cronbach’s alpha with a coefficient of 0.82. Collected data were analyzed using statistical tools for quantitative responses and thematic content analysis for qualitative responses. The findings are expected to provide policy-relevant insights into sustainable peacebuilding strategies, emphasizing regional cooperation, inclusive governance, and economic empowerment. This calls for concerted effort at the Subregional level.

ABSTRACT
The study accesses the effect of banditry on staff quitting their service in federal polytechnic kaura Namoda zamfara state. The objective of the study was to examine, effect of banditry on staff quitting their service in federal polytechnic kaura Namoda zamfara state. The population of the study is constituted by the staff of Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State which is 1,079 staff list registry, 2023. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire. Here the researcher worked with the academic staff and non-academic staffs of Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State to assess effect of banditry on staff quitting their service. The sudy use simple linear regressions to analyze the result with the aids of SPSS version 20.The major finding of the study revealed that the more banditry activities’ increases, the more staff of Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda will quit their services. The study recommends that to avoid staff quitting there service in Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, the management of Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda should employed the policy of work from home to avoid banditry activities.

This study investigates the effect of the 2024 #EndBadGovernance protest on academic activities at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, the study utilized a qualitative research approach a type of research that focuses on gaining in-depth understanding of social phenomena, experiences, and perspectives, rather than relying on numerical data, The protest, driven by nationwide outrage over economic hardship, insecurity and poor governance, significantly impacted educational institutions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, involving students, academic staff, and administrative personnel. The findings of the study involves, a halt in Academic activities as the protest led to suspension of lectures, rescheduling of examinations, restricted access to university facilities, and impaired communication between students and management more so, it has posed Psychological Impact as residents around the location as well as students reported elevated anxiety, fear, and uncertainty. The study Recommends the creation of Emergency Academic Policies such as rapid use of online modules and flexible examination windows—to maintain academic continuity during curfews or similar disruption and also Expand mental health of students and staffs by counseling services to address the emotional fallout of unrest and curfew-related isolation. Promote Structured Student Engagement such as student–administration liaison groups or grievance committees to facilitate early identification and peaceful resolution of campus concerns before escalations occur. Heightening security measures in the campus to prevent both internal and external factors from causing destruction and insecurity within the campus.

Abstract
The main objective is to examine the potential of AI technologies to enhance digital communication in sectors such as agriculture, health, education, and governance, contributing to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Africa. Using Innovation Systems Theory as a theoretical framework, the study investigates how AI-driven digital platforms can create an ecosystem for collaborative innovation, facilitating the exchange of knowledge and resources among stakeholders. This study adopted the qualitative research designed with data collected from secondary sources while content analysis was used to analyse the data collected. The study argues that: AI-enabled digital communication platforms have proven effective in improving access to information, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing citizen engagement in governance processes. Furthermore, AI tools such as chatbots, data analytics, and automated systems have contributed to better decision-making in sectors like healthcare and agriculture. However, challenges such as limited digital infrastructure, lack of technical expertise, and data privacy concerns hinder the full realization of AI’s potential. The study recommends strengthening digital infrastructure, investing in AI education and training, and developing robust regulatory frameworks to ensure the ethical deployment of AI technologies. These measures will be crucial to accelerating sustainable development in Africa, making AI a central enabler of growth and social progress.

Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on students' academic performance at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, from 2020 to 2025. Using both primary (questionnaires and interviews) and secondary data, the researchers analyzed responses from 364 participants through various sampling techniques and statistical tools, including Structural Equation Modeling (SMART PLS4) and thematic analysis. The findings revealed a largely negative perception of AI's influence on academic performance. Questionnaire data showed a strong negative relationship between AI use and academic performance, while interview responses highlighted concerns about over-reliance on technology, reduced critical thinking, limited human interaction, and unequal access. Ethical and privacy concerns were also mentioned. A minority of respondents saw AI positively, noting benefits like personalized learning, improved efficiency, and support for independent learning and students with disabilities. This study recommends for a strategic and blended integration of AI in education, emphasizing its role in complementing not replacing traditional teaching methods. This approach aims to preserve essential elements of learning, such as critical thinking and human interaction, while leveraging AI to improve overall educational effectiveness.

Nigerian tertiary institutions, including Ahmadu Bello University, face significant challenges in integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into entrepreneurship education, resulting in outdated curricula that fail to foster entrepreneurial mindsets or equip students with the skills needed for innovation. The rapid advancement of digital technologies presents a transformative opportunity to enhance entrepreneurship education, but AI integration is hindered by ethical concerns, infrastructural limitations, and digital illiteracy. Despite AI’s potential to enable personalized learning, business simulations, and data-driven decision-making, traditional education systems struggle to adapt, leading to a gap between theoretical business instruction and practical, innovation-driven learning. This study explores how AI can improve entrepreneurship education in Nigeria by addressing these barriers while examining concerns such as algorithmic bias, privacy issues, and over-reliance on automation, which could marginalize certain student populations and reduce the role of human agency in teaching. The research employs a qualitative-descriptive methodology, drawing on empirical studies, institutional reports, and policy documents to assess both the opportunities and challenges of AI integration in Nigerian higher education. The study is framed by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Human Capital Theory, providing insights into the factors influencing AI adoption and its potential for developing human skills. The findings highlight the need for curriculum reform, educator training, and ethical AI deployment to create inclusive and future-ready entrepreneurship education. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for policy-makers, EdTech developers, and educational institutions to ensure AI is effectively integrated to foster entrepreneurial innovation and enhance the overall learning experience in Nigeria’s tertiary institutions.

Blockchain technology offers enhanced security, transparency, and efficiency in various industries, particularly in financial institutions and banking. Despite its potential, adoption in Nigerian financial institutions remains limited. Previous studies have examined Blockchain adoption, but the role of AI capabilities remains unexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating the impact of relative advantage, AI capabilities, and regulatory factors on the intention to adopt Blockchain technology in Nigerian financial institutions, using the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) model. The TOE model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding technological innovation adoption, considering technological, organizational, and environmental factors. By introducing AI capabilities as a new variable, this study employs a quantitative research approach using a questionnaire survey to collect data from Nigerian financial institutions. The expected outcome is to provide insights into the factors influencing Blockchain adoption, identifying key drivers and shedding light on the relationship between relative advantage, AI capabilities, regulatory factors, and intention to adopt Blockchain technology. The findings will have implications for policymakers, regulators, and financial institutions seeking to harness Blockchain's potential benefits. This study contributes to the existing literature on Blockchain adoption and informs strategies to promote its adoption in Nigerian financial institutions.

Abstract
Advancement in technology has transformed money through various forms, from barter system to coins, paper money, cheque books, and now digital currency. Digital currency has made it easier for man to make national and international transaction within a very short time. Nigeria is a country with a significant Muslim population, practice Sharia law to guide them in their day to day activities. Thus, Muslims are not permitted to engage in any activities which are against the Islamic law. There are three types of digital currencies namely crypto currency, virtual currency and central bank digital currencies. Digital currencies are prone to hackers, the price is volatile, transaction cannot be reversed once made and some of the digital currencies are unregulated. Thus, the aims and objective of this study is to examine the three types of digital currencies and to determine if the three types of digital currencies are legally permissible in Islam. This study adopts doctrinal method of research which is library based research, through the use of statute, judicial precedent, text books and articles. This study found that crypto currency, spot trading in crypto currency and central bank digital currencies are halal while margin trading, futures trading in crypto currency and virtual currency are haram.This study recommended that margin trading, futures trading in crypto currency and virtual currency has element of riba (usury), maisir (gambling) and al-gharar (speculation) which are prohibited in Islamic law. Therefore, Muslims should refrain from engaging in these types of digital currencies.

Abstract
This paper explores the theme “Reclaiming Civility Online Through Management of Social Media Platforms for Peaceful Coexistence in Nigeria”, by highlighting the increasing misuse of digital spaces for hate speech, incivility, and social division. In a highly diverse country like Nigeria, where ethnic, religious, and political tensions are historically entrenched, the unregulated use of social media has amplified hostility and widened societal fractures. The study adopts a conceptual approach, drawing from the Civility Theory and Social Responsibility Theory to advocate for respectful digital engagement. It emphasizes the urgent need for promoting civil discourse, tolerance, and user responsibility as critical tools for national integration and stability. Key concepts such as social media platforms, online civility, and peaceful coexistence are examined in relation to how Nigerians interact online, particularly during sensitive events such as elections. Empirical studies reviewed reveal that while there is growing concern about online incivility, few efforts have been made to guide users on constructive online behavior. The paper concludes that reclaiming civility online requires a multifaceted approach that includes ethical communication, digital literacy, and self-regulation among users, alongside responsible platform management. Recommendations are directed toward social media users to be mindful of their language, avoid abusive expressions, and adopt respectful methods in addressing disagreements. By promoting empathy, dialogue, and accountability in digital interactions, social media can be transformed into a powerful tool for unity and peaceful coexistence in Nigeria.

Nigerian banks face significant challenges in aligning their digital transformation efforts with sustainable banking practices, which are crucial for long-term success in a competitive financial landscape. Despite the growing recognition of sustainability in the banking sector, many banks struggle to integrate digital technologies in ways that promote both operational efficiency and social responsibility. This study examines the strategic alignment between digital transformation and sustainable banking practices in Nigeria’s banking sector, focusing on how nine leading banks align their digital strategies with sustainability goals. The research involves in-depth interviews with 12 participants (senior executives and IT specialists) from these banks, investigating how digital technologies such as mobile banking, cloud computing, and big data analytics contribute to environmental sustainability, financial inclusion, and social responsibility. The study identifies key themes, including the adoption of digital tools for operational efficiency and sustainability, the integration of green banking and corporate social responsibility (CSR) into digital strategies, and the challenges and opportunities of aligning digital initiatives with sustainability objectives. The findings suggest that strategic digital alignment enhances resource optimization, reduces operational costs, and improves customer loyalty, while also addressing barriers such as regulatory hurdles and cybersecurity concerns. This research provides actionable insights for Nigerian banks to overcome transformation barriers and leverage digital solutions for long-term sustainable growth, positioning them as leaders in both financial innovation and sustainability.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed the nature of personal assets by introducing the concept of digital estates, which include online accounts, cryptocurrencies, social media profiles, digital currencies, and intellectual property existing in electronic form. The death of an individual raises complex questions regarding the management, transfer, and administration of such digital assets. This paper examines the adequacy of the Nigerian legal framework in addressing the administration of digital estates. Through a doctrinal analysis of existing Nigerian laws and international best practices, the paper identifies significant gaps and ambiguities in current legal provisions. It finds that there is an increased risk of digital asset loss, privacy breaches, and estate disputes in the absence of explicit legislation. By comparing international best practices, the paper proposes reforms to enhance the administration of digital estates, ensuring that digital assets are adequately protected and efficiently transferred. This reform is imperative for providing clarity, legal certainty, and protection of digital assets for heirs and administrators in Nigeria.

Abstract
This literary paper examines the pivotal role of information scientists in advancing digital communication and artificial intelligence (AI) to promote sustainable development in Nigeria. As the country navigates various developmental challenges, leveraging technology in libraries and information center’s becomes essential for effective service delivery. Information scientists are uniquely positioned to facilitate the integration of digital tools and AI, enhancing access to information resources and improving user engagement. The study highlights key initiatives undertaken by information scientists, including the implementation of AI-driven information retrieval systems, digital literacy training programs, and the creation of collaborative platforms for knowledge sharing. These efforts aim to empower communities, bridge the digital divide, and support informed decision-making processes. Moreover, the paper addresses the challenges faced by information professionals, such as inadequate infrastructure and the need for continuous professional development in emerging technologies. By emphasizing the importance of digital communication and AI, this overview underscores the potential for information scientists to contribute significantly to Nigeria's sustainable development goals. The suggestions advocate for increased investment in training and technological infrastructure to maximize the impact of information services in fostering societal growth. In conclusion, the strategic involvement of information scientists in digital communication and AI is critical for enhancing service delivery in libraries and information centres, ultimately driving sustainable development in Nigeria.

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tax in Nigeria: A Perspective Paper
Abdul Hamidu Abdullahi PhD
Department of Local Government and Development Studies
Faculty of Administration
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
abdulhamidu2020@gmail.com/aabdulhamidu@abu.edu.ng
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-5533

Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) pose a significant public health challenge globally, and Nigeria is increasingly experiencing the burden of their excessive consumption. This perspective paper examines the multifaceted impact of SSBs on public health in Nigeria, the rationale behind the introduction of a Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tax (SSBT) in the country, and a critical analysis of its effectiveness and potential implications. While the SSBT is a commendable step towards mitigating diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), its current design warrants re-evaluation to maximize its public health and fiscal benefits. This paper argues for an upward review of the tax rate, coupled with robust earmarking of revenue for health initiatives and comprehensive public awareness campaigns, to foster a healthier Nigerian population.
Keywords: Sugar-sweetened beverages, SSB tax, Nigeria, public health, non-communicable diseases, obesity, diabetes, fiscal policy.

This paper seeks to analyze the contribution of women in socio-economic and sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa. Women in Sub-Saharan Africa constitute almost half of its population and the larger population of women reside in rural and urban areas. This large number of women contribute in agricultural activities, educational, political and social activities that in turn boost economy for sustainable development with very significant impact on poverty reduction. Paradoxically, in Africa especially sub-Saharan Africa economy remains bleak. Although there may be some modest improvement but still poverty has remained a global concern and its eradication is on the top agenda for development programmes for many nations. There is evidence of women constituting very significant factor in poverty eradication. Rural women are responsible for more than 55% of food grown in Africa. Moreover, women comprise 67% of agricultural force in developing countries. Women make substantial labour contribution to agricultural production but are at disadvantage when it comes to acquiring formal education and specialized skills that would improve their productivity in both household and market based production. The culture of second-class citizenship accorded to women is slowly changing following the Beijing conference of 1995 held in China. However women are still faced with challenges of deprivation and participation in developmental issues due to traditional and cultural value systems with the common notion that “women education ends in the kitchen” In 2015, the world leaders initiated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targeted at addressing the needs of people in both developed and developing countries. Based on the Seventeen (17) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) where Goal 1 focused on poverty reduction and hunger, Goal 5 laid emphasis on achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls while Goal 8 spelt out the promotion of sustained inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment.

Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, faces growing environmental challenges that have direct implications for public health and sustainable development. From oil pollution in the Niger Delta to urban air pollution and unsafe water in densely populated cities, the environmental degradation disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, particularly in low-income and rural communities. This paper examines the legal underpinnings of the right to a healthy environment in Nigeria and its intersection with the right to health. Drawing from constitutional provisions, environmental legislation such as the Environmental Impact Assessment Act and the NESREA Act, and relevant judicial decisions, the paper assesses the extent to which Nigeria’s legal system recognizes and protects this right. It critically analyzes enforcement mechanisms, institutional weaknesses, and the challenges posed by corruption, weak regulation, and lack of political will. The role of civil society, litigation, and international obligations—such as those under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights—is also evaluated. The paper argues that ensuring environmental justice and safeguarding population health in Nigeria requires strengthening legal enforcement, integrating environmental concerns into health policies, and enhancing access to environmental information and remedies. It concludes by proposing practical reforms, including judicial activism, community-based environmental monitoring, and enhanced legal capacity within regulatory agencies.

Nigeria is currently grappling with one of the most severe internal displacement crises in Africa, driven by insurgency, communal clashes, banditry, and environmental degradation. Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) face grave challenges, including poor living conditions, limited access to basic services, and weak legal protection frameworks. This paper examines the existing legal mechanisms for protecting IDPs in Nigeria and identifies critical gaps in both domestic and international law implementation. Using a doctrinal legal research approach, the study analyses Nigeria’s constitutional guarantees, national emergency policies, and regional instruments such as the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention). The findings reveal that although Nigeria ratified the Kampala Convention, it has yet to domesticate it through comprehensive national legislation, leaving IDPs vulnerable to systemic neglect. Furthermore, the absence of institutional coordination, inadequate data management, and insufficient budgetary allocation exacerbate the plight of displaced populations. The paper advocates for the urgent enactment of an IDP Protection Act, which would establish clear responsibilities for government agencies, guarantee the rights of IDPs, and provide mechanisms for durable solutions, including return, resettlement, and reintegration. It also emphasizes the need for a rights-based approach grounded in human dignity, equality, and access to justice.

Mining activities in Kaduna State have significantly impacted the environment, local communities, and the broader economy. This study investigates the application of sustainable mining practices, focusing on the issues and remedies related to environmental impacts, community development, and economic sustainability. Data was collected using a mixed-method approach, including phone and online surveys, targeting 799 respondents-primarily community members, government officials, researchers and mining companies. The findings reveal that pre-mining conditions were characterized by abundant vegetation, clean water sources, and fertile soil, which have since deteriorated due to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. A majority of respondents (72.8%) reported that Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) were not conducted before mining activities began, highlighting inadequate regulatory oversight. Current environmental impacts, including significant degradation in air, soil, and water quality, were identified by a large proportion of respondents (37.6% significant, 21.2% severe). The implementation of environmental management plans has been largely ineffective, with 62.8% of respondents expressing disagreement on their effectiveness. Social impacts, such as loss of livelihoods, displacement, and conflicts between communities and mining companies, were widespread. The majority (70%) reported mixed impacts on local communities, primarily negative, due to the disruption of traditional livelihoods. Awareness of community development programs was low, and only 3.9% confirmed their existence. Economic benefits were limited, with most respondents (72.2%) stating no significant gains, while challenges such as fluctuating commodity prices, inadequate community involvement, and poor regulatory enforcement hinder sustainable mining. Governance mechanisms were largely ineffective, as 95.4% of respondents rated government regulations as ineffective. Community participation in decision-making was minimal, with 72.5% unaware of such mechanisms. The study concludes that unless significant improvements are made in regulatory enforcement, community engagement, and sustainable mining practices, the long-term environmental and socio-economic impacts of mining in Kaduna State are likely to persist, posing further challenges to sustainable development.

This paper investigated the integration of blockchain technology into Islamic social finance as a Sharīʿah-compliant strategy to enhance transparency, accountability, and inclusivity in Nigeria’s pursuit of sustainable development. Focusing on the core instruments of zakāt, waqf, and ṣadaqah, the paper explored how blockchain’s decentralized, immutable, and transparent ledger system could address persistent governance challenges that have hindered the effective deployment of Islamic social finance mechanisms in the Nigerian context. The research adopted an interdisciplinary approach, combining principles of Islamic commercial jurisprudence (fiqh al-muʿāmalāt), financial technology (fintech), and development studies to evaluate the practical and legal feasibility of blockchain-based models. Particular attention was given to the operationalization of smart contracts for automating zakāt and waqf disbursements, decentralized applications (dApps) for donor and beneficiary tracking, and digital identity systems to enhance financial inclusion for marginalized populations. The study identified key barriers including legal uncertainties, infrastructural deficits, limited Sharīʿah literacy among technologists, and regulatory fragmentation. Nevertheless, it found that blockchain could serve as a transformative enabler for Islamic social finance institutions by promoting trust, real-time auditing, and efficiency, thereby aligning the operational ethos of Islamic finance with the objectives of Islamic law (Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah). The paper concluded that embedding blockchain into Nigeria’s Islamic social finance ecosystem could not only modernize faith-based financial governance but also support national and global development goals, particularly in areas of poverty alleviation, education, and healthcare. It recommended the development of unified regulatory standards, Sharīʿah-compliant blockchain protocols, and public-private partnerships to harness the full potential of this technological integration for ethical and sustainable development.

In an increasingly volatile financial environment, effective risk management has become a critical
determinant of banks' survival and profitability. This study investigates the impact of risk
management on the financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria, where the
banking sector plays a pivotal role in economic stability and growth. The study used credit risk,
liquidity risk, and operational risk as explanatory variables, and financial performance was the
explained variable during a ten-year period, from 2012 to 2021. This study primarily focuses on
addressing gaps in variable and temporal gaps, specifically by examining the role of operational
risk and considering a timeframe that allowed the effect of newer regulations and economic events
to be assessed. The study used a quantitative approach and correlational research design; data used
in the study was extracted from audited financial reports of Deposits Money Banks (DMBs) in
Nigeria. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the data using STATA software. Based on
the findings, the financial performance of Nigeria's listed DMBs is significantly impacted
negatively by operational risk, while liquidity risk has a positive and significant effect on the
bank’s financial performance. Based on the results, the study recommended that deposit money
banks should prioritise improving their liquidity risk as it has a significant positive impact on return
on assets (ROA). This suggests that efficiently converting deposits into loans can enhance
profitability. In addition, since operating risk has a significant negative relationship with ROA,
banks should implement cost control measures and improve operational efficiency to reduce
expenses and increase returns. Therefore, the focus should be on maximising loan utilisation,
minimising operating costs, and continuously monitoring asset quality to sustain profitability.

This paper investigates the link between innovative financing models and sustainable development in Nigeria’s agricultural sector. Despite its vast agricultural potential, Nigeria continues to grapple with socio-economic challenges such as inflation, poverty, and insecurity. One of the most pressing barriers to agricultural transformation, particularly under the Renewed Hope Agenda, which targets economic reform and sectoral revitalization, is restricted access to finance. Traditional financing approaches have often failed to meet the needs of smallholder farmers due to structural inefficiencies, informality, and limited financial inclusion. Drawing on global best practices and theoretical insights, this study explores innovative financing mechanisms that include green bonds, blended finance, agricultural insurance, digital crowdfunding, and impact investing. It evaluates their applicability and potential for fostering sustainable agricultural development in Nigeria. Using a conceptual and theoretical approach rooted in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and Institutional Theory, the study proposes a framework to inform future empirical research and guide policy formulation.

This paper explores the intersection between Islamic social finance and takaful through the lens of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, with a specific focus on their potential for poverty alleviation in Nigeria. Although Islamic financial tools such as zakat, waqf, and qard al-ḥasan have long been utilised to address social inequality, their impact is often limited by fragmentation and lack of integration with risk protection mechanisms like takaful. At the same time, Nigeria’s takaful sector remains underdeveloped and underutilised, failing to serve vulnerable and low-income populations effectively. Drawing on classical and contemporary scholarship, this study employs a qualitative doctrinal method grounded in maqāṣid theory to assess how takaful can be fused with broader social finance instruments to achieve more holistic, Shariah-compliant poverty mitigation.

Through an interdisciplinary review of literature and policy frameworks, the paper argues for a unified Islamic social protection model that integrates redistributive tools (zakat and waqf) with risk-sharing mechanisms (takaful). This maqāṣid-driven model promotes ḥifẓ al-māl (protection of wealth) and ḥifẓ al-nafs (protection of life) while ensuring sustainability and justice. The findings suggest that a coordinated takaful–zakat–waqf framework would enhance financial inclusion, reduce systemic vulnerabilities, and fulfil the higher objectives of the Sharīʿah more effectively. The paper recommends policy realignment, regulatory reform, and public awareness strategies to facilitate this integration within Nigeria’s Islamic financial ecosystem.

Globally, the stock market has been recognized as a catalyst in the process of economic growth and development. This significant position occupied by the stock market is precipitated by its function as an intermediary within the financial system. This pivotal role has elicited a focus on expanding and deepening financial markets by governments. To facilitate the understanding of stock market variations across the globe, researches have overtime examined the interactions between macro-economy and various aspects of stock market such as market capitalisation, stock market index and stock market liquidity. These studies have produced significant inconsistencies across economies, exposing the need for country specific investigations. Moreover, a myriad of such studies have focused on the size of the stock market with an obvious predilection towards stock market capitalisation. Without diminishing the importance of stock market capitalisation, it is pertinent to note that it only capture a single aspect of the stock market. Undoubtedly, a comprehensive understanding of stock market requires the study of its depth measured as stock market liquidity. Stock market liquidity is an important attribute of stock market development that ensures pricing and cost efficiency. Therefore, this study examined the determinants of stock market liquidity in Nigeria. The study used ex-post facto design covering from 2004 to 2023. The cointegration result showed that there exists a long run relationship among the variables. Error Correction Model was used to test the hypotheses and the result revealed that exchange rate, GDP and broad money supply had positive impact on market liquidity while inflation rate and interest rate had negative impact on market liquidity.

It has been ascertained that unemployment reduction is one of the macroeconomics’ objectives, which is a very important factor in economic development; and nations of the world are working hard towards achieving it. Since the problems of economic growth are so enormous, economists have continued to research; in order to find lasting solution to it. In this line, Lucas, in endogenous theory of growth gave education a pride of place on the path of economic growth. Nigerian educational system has suffered series of problems which has limited her from delivering what is expected of her in the process of economic growth. This study seeks to investigate the impact of of Public education expenditure on Economic development of Nigeria using ARDL technique. A close study of the data on public education expenditure reveals that capital and recurrent expenditure on education have positive but marginal impact on the economy and unemployment has a negative relationship with expenditure on education. Therefore, it was recommended that increase allocation on both recurrent and capital levels be made and rebranding the educational system for better service delivery in order to promote more income generation, again to improved productivity; thereby, leading to the much-needed economic growth in the country.

Youth empowerment remains one of the most challenging socio-economic problem of governments across the globe. In carrying out this responsibility, government at all level strive towards creating conducive economic atmosphere for the teeming youth population so as to enable the youth gainfully engaged in various descent means of livelihood and become economically viable. The paper assesses the impact of N-Tax Programme on Youth Empowerment in Zaria and Sabon gari Local Government Areas of Kaduna State. The Objective of the study is to assess the impact of the N-power Tax Programme on youth empowerment in Zaria and Sabon gari Local Government Areas of Kaduna. The data for the study were generated from primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires were distributed on a sample of 351 respondents selected from the 4000 population of the study through a stratified and simple random sampling techniques, Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Regression analysis tests result revealed that N-power Tax Programme has a significant impact on youth empowerment in Zaria and Sabon gari Local Government Areas of Kaduna. Based on the above findings, It was recommended among other things that Government should offer an exit package to exiting beneficiaries. This will help in sustaining the achieved objective of the scheme for taking the beneficiaries off the streets and Policies aimed at youth empowerment should be broad-based that cut across all sectors of the economy and the private sector should be encouraged in the same regard and Government, private individuals and Non-Governmental Organizations should provide grants and/or loans to the beneficiaries to boost their skills and/or start up small or medium scale businesses.

In many developing countries, particularly in Africa, customary law continues to play a dominant role in shaping social relations and access to resources, especially in rural communities. While these customary norms often reflect deeply rooted cultural values, they frequently conflict with constitutional and international guarantees of gender equality. This paper explores the tension between customary law and women’s rights, with a focus on inheritance, land ownership, and marital rights. Using Nigeria as a case study, the paper examines how customary practices perpetuate gender-based discrimination, despite legal frameworks that seek to protect women’s rights. It also interrogates the role of the judiciary in interpreting and applying customary law in a way that balances respect for cultural autonomy with the imperatives of gender justice. The analysis highlights key judicial decisions that have either reinforced or challenged discriminatory customs, and evaluates legislative and policy interventions aimed at reform. The paper argues that meaningful gender development cannot occur without addressing the inconsistencies between statutory and customary legal systems. It advocates for a harmonization approach that respects cultural identity while aligning with international human rights standards. Ultimately, the paper proposes a multi-stakeholder strategy involving legal reform, judicial activism, community engagement, and education to bridge the gap between tradition and equality.

This study investigates the profound effect of insecurity on student enrollment and institutional stability at Federal University Gusau, situated in Nigeria's volatile Zamfara State. Against the persistent security crisis in Northern Nigeria marked by banditry, kidnappings, and campus threats the research analyzes how violence disrupts higher education access and sustainability. Employing a mixed-methods design, the study integrates quantitative enrollment data (2019–2024) with qualitative insights from stakeholder interviews and security reports. Key findings reveal a 32% enrollment drop in high-risk disciplines (e.g., field-based sciences) and a 45% decline in non-indigene admissions, severely straining institutional finances. The study uncovers a vicious cycle: insecurity diminishes enrollment, which reduces revenue, thereby weakening the university's capacity to maintain infrastructure and retain staff. Female students are disproportionately affected, with many relocating to safer regions. While adaptive measures like hybrid learning and localized recruitment offer partial mitigation, the study argues that without systemic security-sector partnerships, universities in conflict zones risk collapse. Policy recommendations prioritize three areas: enhanced campus protection, federal emergency funding, and community-based security alliances to preserve education as a stabilizing institution in Nigeria’s most insecure regions.

Abstract
Strong institutional governance is widely regarded as essential for driving sustainability in today’s corporate world, especially in developing economies like Nigeria. This paper examines how four aspects of governance, board structure, regulatory compliance, transparency and disclosure, and stakeholder engagement, shape sustainable business practices in Dangote Group, Lagos. A descriptive survey was employed to collect first-hand data from managers and officers who are actively involved in these areas. According to Dangote’s HR office (March 2025), 161 staff members are working across governance, compliance, sustainability, and CSR functions. Using Taro Yamane’s formula with a 5% margin of error, an initial sample of approximately 114 was calculated, with an additional 10% included to accommodate potential dropouts, resulting in a final sample of 126. Stratified random sampling ensured that all units were fairly represented. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analyses results revealed that board structure and stakeholder engagement have the strongest impact on sustainability efforts, while compliance and transparency provide further support. The study concluded that well-structured governance, combined with genuine stakeholder participation, helps firms achieve lasting sustainability. It is recommended that Dangote Group strengthen board oversight, tighten compliance checks, communicate openly, and engage with stakeholders to maintain its position as a sustainability leader in Nigeria’s business sector.
Keywords: Institutional governance, board structure, compliance, stakeholder engagement, sustainability, Dangote Group, Nigeria.

Previous studies mainly discussed the problems and impacts of community participation in Nigeria, without little studies on Neighborhood Watch especially in Zaria Local Government, thus, the study examine effects of Community Participation in Combating Insecurity in Kaduna State: A Study of Neighborhood Watch in Zaria Local Government between 2018-24. Theory of collective action was used. The study used qualitative research, five informants were interviewed, such as community leaders, community members, Police and Vigilante etc., in-depth interview was used to collect primary data, while the secondary data was collected using books, newspapers, magazines, periodic reports as well as journal, the data was analyzed thematically using NVivo 15. The findings shows that due to insecurity and government failure led some communities to developed Neighborhood watch initiatives to safeguard their life and properties. The finding further shows that Neighborhood watch has contributed to peace building and minimize crimes in Zaria Local Government. The study therefore suggests increase in collaboration between state and non-state actors to foster free crime society.

Kaduna State faces challenges of economic diversification, high poverty rates, and fluctuating development indicators despite significant budget allocations to critical sectors such as education, health, agriculture, infrastructure among other allocations. As of 2024, poverty stands at 88.83%, life expectancy at 44 years, learning poverty at 35.3%, low literacy and numeracy rates as well high mortality rates and disease burden. This study investigates the economic dynamics of Kaduna State, Nigeria, focusing on budgetary allocations to education, healthcare, agriculture, and infrastructure, and their impacts on key development indicators like human capital development, , Health outcomes, poverty rate, employment rate and GDP growth rate. Data was collected from the Kaduna State Bureau of Statistics website and the statistical documents available online. The study used the VAR technique of analysis on time-series data from 2000 to 2023. The VAR analysis reveals that budget allocations to education and healthcare significantly influence human capital development and public health outcomes. The study concludes that budgetary allocation impacts development and therefore recommends that the government should Enhance budget efficiency across sectors, promote economic diversification beyond agriculture, and strengthen human capital through targeted investments in education and healthcare. Address employment challenges, prioritize sustainable infrastructure development, and improve policy coordination to achieve sustainable development goals in Kaduna State.

Abstract
The debate over United Nations Security Council (UNSC) reform has been a longstanding issue in global governance, particularly concerning the representation of African States in the security council. Africa, despite being home to 54 UN member states and playing a significant role in global peacekeeping, economic development, and international diplomacy, remains underrepresented in the UNSC. Against this backdrop, Nigeria and South Africa have emerged as leading advocates for Africa’s quest for permanent representation, actively shaping the continent’s collective position on UNSC reform. This study examines the diplomatic strategies, policy approaches, and geopolitical influences of both nations in advocating for Africa’s position within the broader UN reform agenda. This study employs a multi-theoretical approach, integrating realism, constructivism, and regionalism to critically analyze Nigeria and South Africa’s roles in shaping Africa’s position on UNSC reform. This research critically assesses the effectiveness of Nigeria and South Africa’s diplomatic engagements, coalition-building efforts, and lobbying strategies within the UN General Assembly, AU, and other international forums. It evaluates their roles in advancing the Ezulwini Consensus, a 2005 AU position that demands two permanent seats for Africa with full veto powers and increased non-permanent representation. The findings reveal that Nigeria and South Africa’s in advocating for Africa’s permanent representation have been constrained by internal African divisions, global power politics, and structural limitations within the UN reform process. The study concludes with recommendations for strengthening Africa’s diplomatic strategy, unity, and bargaining power in its quest for greater representation in global governance institutions.

Digitalisation has emerged as a powerful tool in the fight against corruption, offering new ways to improve transparency and compliance within public sector organisations. In the Nigerian public sector context, where corruption remains a significant challenge, integrating digital tools presents opportunities to strengthen integrity and accountability. This study investigates the role of digitalisation in bridging integrity and compliance-based approaches to anti-corruption in Nigerian public sector organisations. Using a mixed-methods research design, the study combines qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with quantitative data from a survey of 300 public sector employees. The results indicate that digitalisation significantly enhances transparency and reduces corruption by improving the monitoring and compliance capabilities of public sector organisations. Most respondents (73.3%) agreed that digital tools have positively impacted transparency and compliance, while 65% reported reduced corruption within their departments. However, the study also identifies key challenges, including infrastructure limitations, resistance to change, and low digital literacy, which hinder the full implementation of digital solutions. The findings suggest that while digitalisation offers considerable potential for anti-corruption efforts, addressing these challenges is crucial for maximising its effectiveness. The study concludes by recommending targeted investments in digital infrastructure, comprehensive training programs, and strategic change management initiatives to fully leverage digitalisation in the fight against corruption.

Abstract
Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Gusau operates in Nigeria's volatile Zamfara State, a region plagued by persistent insecurity and chronic infrastructure deficits that severely constrain healthcare delivery. Despite these formidable challenges, the hospital implemented e-governance systems between 2020-2025 to enhance operational efficiency and service quality. This study evaluates the impact of this digital transformation through a survey-methods approach, analyzing quantitative data from 450 systematically sampled patient records (2021-2025) using SPSS 23 for descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The findings demonstrate significant improvements: administrative processes accelerated by 45%, electronic health records reduced missing patient files by 30%, and e-procurement systems decreased supply chain fraud by 25%. Telemedicine services expanded access, delivering over 5,000 remote consultations annually to conflict-affected communities. However, critical challenges persist - 68% of rural patients still depend on manual registration due to alarmingly low digital literacy (12%), while 23% of clinical staff lack proficiency in the new digital systems. Infrastructure limitations remain severe, with 72% generator-dependence causing 15 hours of weekly system downtime. Regression analysis confirmed that digitization significantly reduced patient wait times (p < 0.05), but also revealed disproportionate exclusion of vulnerable populations. The study concludes that while e-governance has demonstrably improved FMC Gusau's operational efficiency, its full potential remains constrained by contextual barriers. To achieve equitable impact, the hospital requires: (1) expanded digital literacy programs targeting rural patients, (2) military-secured internet infrastructure (3) AI-driven fraud detection systems to strengthen e-procurement. These findings offer valuable insights for healthcare digitization in Nigeria's crisis-affected regions, demonstrating that strategic, context-adapted e-governance can transform service delivery even in challenging environments. The FMC Gusau case provides a replicable model for balancing technological advancement with inclusive healthcare access in insecure settings.

Effective recruitment is a principal aspect of personnel department in every organization. In order to ensure competitive strength and strategic advantage, an organization determines to choose from the pool of talented resources, the right person for the right position at the right time. Identifying vacancies would lead to job analysis (job description and job specification). The study assesses technical qualification as determination for effective recruitment in the country. The study assesses job analysis (job description and job specification) as criteria on ensuring sustainability in the country. The study assumes talent individual with behavioural requirements would ensure sustainable development in Nigeria. The study adopted Resource Based (RBT) Theory. The theory was profound by Edith Penrose in 1959. The theory explored on resource acquisition, utilization and expansion. The theory postulated that organisation should invest and develop human resources who have the required skills and knowledge aligned with social, economic and environmental goals. Data was obtained from secondary sources. The study used conceptual analysis for presentation, analysis and discussion. The research findings stated that technical qualification is a suitable phenomenon for recruiting talents into the organization. That job analysis (job description and job specification) are criteria that ensure effective recruitment which determine development and sustainability in the country. Also, behavioural requirement was an important mechanism for effective recruitment considering, World Economic forum Report, (2024). The study recommended that effective recruitment into the organization would invariably ensure social, economic and environmental continuity, development and sustainability in the country.

Abstract
In today’s knowledge-driven and service-oriented global economy, capacity building has emerged as a critical strategy for improving organizational efficiency, particularly within the hospitality industry. Despite increasing attention to workforce development in Nigeria, staff productivity in the hospitality sector remains suboptimal, often due to weak institutional frameworks for continuous professional development. This study assessed the effects of capacity building on staff productivity in the hospitality industry in Kaduna State, with emphasis on four key indicators: training and development, mentoring and coaching, knowledge sharing, and career growth opportunities. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and employed a quantitative research methodology. A structured questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 180 hospitality workers across hotels, resorts, and guesthouses in Kaduna State. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to test the predictive relationships between capacity building indicators and staff productivity. Qualitative responses were also triangulated to enrich the quantitative findings. Results revealed that all four components of capacity building had statistically significant and positive effects on staff productivity. Among them, training and development emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.312, p < 0.001), followed by mentoring and coaching, knowledge sharing, and career growth opportunities. The regression model accounted for 55% (R² = 0.550) of the variance in staff productivity. These findings support the Human Capital Theory and align with recent scholarly works that emphasize the centrality of human resource investment in enhancing service delivery and performance outcomes. The study concludes that strategic capacity-building initiatives are essential for improving workforce productivity in the hospitality industry. It recommends that hospitality establishments institutionalize structured training programs, formal mentoring systems, open knowledge-sharing platforms, and transparent career growth pathways to enhance both employee performance and organizationa

The application of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) in public administration represents a critical step toward improving efficiency, transparency, and accountability in governance. This study examines the adoption, effectiveness, and challenges of HRIS in Nigeria’s public sector, drawing insights from existing literature, policy documents, and empirical studies. It highlights how HRIS facilitates data-driven decision-making, reduces administrative bottlenecks, and supports the broader goals of digital transformation in the public service. The system enhances the accuracy and accessibility of personnel records, streamlines recruitment and payroll processes, and improves overall human resource management practices.
However, the study also reveals significant challenges, including inadequate ICT infrastructure, low digital literacy among civil servants, and resistance to technological change within institutions. These barriers continue to limit the full potential of HRIS implementation. By analyzing the relationship between institutional readiness and technological capacity, the paper offers practical, evidence-based recommendations to strengthen HRIS adoption.
Findings from the study underscore the strategic value of HRIS in advancing civil service reforms and achieving improved public sector performance. It advocates for sustained investment in digital infrastructure and comprehensive capacity-building initiatives. The study ultimately contributes to the policy discourse on e-governance, emphasizing the need for a proactive and inclusive approach to HRIS adoption in Nigeria’s public administration.

Psychological contract plays a crucial role in understanding employee-employer relationships, particularly in the context of casual staff in the Nigerian universities. This study examines the effect of the psychological contract on job satisfaction among casual staff in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Mixed-methods (concurrent embedded) approach was adopted, utilizing surveys and interviews to collect data from casual workers. 500 respondents were drawn from sampled respondents drawn from population of 1974 casual staff in the university through simple random sampling technique. Five management staff were interviewed. Data were generated from primary and secondary sources. The secondary sources utilized reports, textbooks and the internet. The primary data were generated using interview and questionnaire instruments. Questionnaire responses were analysed using mean and standard deviation. Whereas, data generated from interview were analysed using thematic analysis. Hypotheses were tested through regression analysis. Findings indicate that the fulfillment of psychological contract obligations significantly affect levels of job satisfaction of casual staff in Ahmadu Bello University, that, the remuneration packages for the casual staff is seriously inadequate to cater for the workers and hence breeds lateness and truancy of the workers. The study recommends for enhancing adequacy and consistency of compensation, issue permanent appointment to those that have demonstrated commitment and have requisite skills and qualification for their jobs, enhance job security, strengthening employee-employer communication, fair treatment and recognition, and the fulfillment of implicit and explicit contractual expectations to enhance job satisfaction among casual staff in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

ABSTRACT
It has been contended that effective recruitment process adopted by various organizations has positively influenced the performance of organizations, through which consummate and proficient prospective employees are on boarded into the employment positions of the organizations. These pool of experts will undoubtedly play significant roles to drive the performance of the organization, especially in the public institutions. This study therefore, sought to determine the effect of recruitment on performance in National Board for Arabic and Islamic Studies (NBAIS) Headquarters Kaduna. It targeted 787 population. The sample size for the study was 263 determined through the use of Slovin’s formula. Simple random sampling technique was adopted, while 5 management staff were equally selected, 10 students, 5 teachers and 5 Proprietors using purposive technique. Questionnaires were distributed to both senior and junior staff to gather relevant data on the recruitment process, while semi-structured interview was conducted on the selected management staff, whom were deemed apt to provide the researcher with an in-depth information with regards to the recruitment process in the Board. While students, teachers and Proprietors were interviewed on the performance of the Board, in relation to quality of result, accreditation process, curriculum design and promoting Arabic and Islamic Studies in Nigeria. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and presented using tables, figures, and narratives. The study established that there was a positive relationship between recruitment and performance of organization. The study also revealed that recruitment process in NBAIS was insignificant and unfair. Therefore, the study recommends that the Board should adopt a fair and transparent recruitment process that will prioritize meritocracy where prospective employees will be on boarded based on their experience, skills, attitudes, knowledge and educational qualifications, in order to have consummate workforce that will implement the policies and mandates of the Board effectively and efficiently.

Globally, government spending on public procurement reaches approximately $13 trillion, yet inefficiencies due to weak procurement capacities result in significant losses. Inadequate training, poor supplier relationship management, and limited focus on sustainability have hindered alignment with organisational goals. This paper investigates the procurement skills necessary for optimal performance among public sector practitioners in Nigeria. Through an extensive literature review, thirty (30) procurement competences and skills were identified and clustered into procurement-specific skills (PSS) and soft skills (SS). Utilising a quantitative survey approach with 120 procurement officers as respondents with data analysed via SPSS. Findings indicate that fifteen (15) procurement-specific skills particularly needs assessment, procurement planning, contract management, and decision-making are essential, with "Needs assessment and Procurement planning" ranked highest. Additionally, twelve (12) soft skills including analytical thinking, communication, and ethical application were recognised as critical. The study underscores the importance of targeted training programs to enhance these competencies, ultimately improving procurement effectiveness and sustainability in the public sector.

Abstract
This paper presents a review on harnessing social capital for business growth and sustainable development in Nigeria focusing on the pathways, challenges and policy implication. The review explains the concept of social capital which plays a vital role in stimulating business growth and the well-being of locals and is an essential component in promoting sustainable development. The pathways for harnessing social capital for business growth and sustainable development in Nigeria were highlighted such as enhanced access to resources, knowledge sharing and innovation, improved marketing and customer acquisition, facilitating partnerships and collaborations, entrepreneurial networks and cooperative societies, trust and reciprocity in informal markets, community-driven development projects, diaspora networks and remittances. Challenges in leveraging social capital for business growth and sustainable development in Nigeria which include weak bridging and linking social capital, lack of trust and reciprocity, informality and lack of formalization, limited digital inclusion, political instability and corruption, lack of transparency, gender and social exclusion and limited access to financial resources were discussed. Policy in leveraging social capital for business growth and sustainable development in Nigeria which include support for associations and cooperatives, public-private dialogue platforms, mentorship and networking programmes, digital infrastructure development, inclusive development strategies, education and awareness, incentivizing diaspora investment and social inclusion policies were explained. The paper concluded by recommending among others that for fostering inclusiveness and sustainability of business growth, governments and non-governmental organizations should adopt the social capital approach, as it will yield better results for improved quality of life.

The growing life expectancy among Nigeria’s aging population presents a significant challenge to the sustainability and adequacy of retirement benefits, particularly within the framework of the Contributory Pension Scheme (CPS). Longevity risk—the risk of retirees outliving their pension savings—has become increasingly critical yet remains underexplored in actuarial and policy planning. This study investigates the long-term impact of longevity risk on pension fund sustainability using a quantitative simulation approach based on mortality tables, payout structures, and demographic projections. Additional analyses incorporate actuarial modeling of fund exhaustion, present value of payments, and mortality-adjusted payout projections under different life expectancy scenarios. Findings reveal that a large proportion of retirees risk depleting their pension funds before age 80, particularly under extended longevity and inflationary pressures. The study concludes that without actuarial innovations, inflation-linked annuities, and improved financial planning frameworks, Nigeria’s pension system may face growing strain. Recommendations include the integration of dynamic mortality models, policy support for indexed annuity products, and increased financial literacy initiatives to ensure sustainable post-retirement income security for future retirees.

Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises is a major driver and indices for the level of industrialization of a nation. Despite all the efforts advanced in improving SMEs sector in Nigeria, SMEs have not been able to harness the abundant and huge market potentials in the country. However, formulating workable marketing strategies that ensures sustainable business growth is expected to mitigate such challenges. This study examined the effect of organizational innovativeness on the relationship between social media marketing strategy adoption and SME performance in Katsina Metropolis. Using a sample of 402 SME respondents, the study used survey questionnaire to obtain the data. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analysed the data. The findings reveal that Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Benefit, and Organizational Readiness significantly and positively affect SME performance, while Organizational Innovativeness did not moderate these relationships, suggesting that while innovation is valuable, it may not always enhance the impact of social media marketing on performance. The study recommended that SMEs should ensure full utilization of user-friendly marketing tools, resource readiness, and strategic innovation alignment in the face of their routine operations. Similarly, future research should explore additional moderating factors, such as market conditions and competition intensity, to better understand SMEs’ marketing strategy effectiveness for performance enhancement.

ABSTRACT
Sustainable transportation is critical to economic productivity, environmental protection, and social inclusion. In Nigeria, however, only 18% of federal roads are in good condition, and electric vehicles (EVs) contribute less than 1% of total registered vehicles—underscoring significant infrastructural and technological deficits. This study investigates the challenges and innovations shaping sustainable transportation in Nigeria using a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected from 87 stakeholders, including federal and state transport ministries (25%), private sector operators (35%), urban planners (20%), and civil society groups (20%), through 45 semi-structured interviews, six focus group discussions, and content analysis of 32 national and subnational transport-related policies, strategies, and planning documents (2010–2023). Additional insights were drawn from World Bank and national transport reports. Findings indicate that harmonizing transport policies across federal and state levels can reduce implementation delays by 40–60%. Comparative case analysis reveals that solar-powered charging infrastructure and bus rapid transit (BRT) systems lead to a threefold increase in public transport adoption compared to conventional alternatives. Furthermore, community engagement in transport planning enhances project acceptance and reduces resistance, with participatory (consultative) models proving more effective than top-down approaches. The study recommends the establishment of a National Sustainable Transportation Authority, the implementation of fiscal incentives to support green technology adoption, and the enactment of legislation mandating community consultation in urban mobility planning. These policy interventions align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 11 and offer scalable models for other sub-Saharan African countries facing rapid motorization, currently growing at an estimated 8% annually.

Previous studies mainly examine problems and Impacts of University in Nigeria without research on Innovation, thus, the study explores the critical role of universities in fostering innovation using Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna state as a unit of analysis. The study was anchor on Quintuple Innovation Model. The study was conceptual in nature using secondary sources of data such as newspapers, magazine, journals and text books as well as periodic reports. The findings show that despite the role of university in fostering innovation, the university has play vital roles in innovation ie knowledge creation and dissemination, human capital development, technology transfer and commercialization, regional development and fostering a culture of innovation. There are many problems affecting innovation in the university such as inadequate funding, limited resources, brain drain, poor industry-academia collaboration, regulatory challenges, inadequate infrastructure, limited access to markets, insufficient training and capacity building, corruption and inefficiency, limited focus on practical applications, weak commercialization and limited private sector engagement.

Motivation is a critical determinant of staff performance, particularly in resource-constrained healthcare settings. This study investigates the impact of financial incentives, non-financial incentives, and recognition on staff efficiency in Saint Gerard’s Catholic Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria, a major faith-based healthcare institution facing HR challenges typical of low- and middle-income countries. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative data from 171 structured questionnaires (94.7% response rate) with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews involving key hospital personnel. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and thematic analysis were employed to assess the effect of motivational variables on staff efficiency. Regression results revealed that motivation variables collectively accounted for 55.1% of the variance in staff efficiency (R² = 0.551, p < 0.001). Among the predictors, recognition (β = 0.362) had the most significant effect, followed by financial incentives (β = 0.294) and non-financial incentives (β = 0.231). Qualitative data reinforced these findings, indicating that while staff value regular pay, recognition and professional development exert stronger motivational influence on morale and task performance. The study underscores the necessity of an integrated HR strategy that balances extrinsic motivators (e.g., salary, bonuses) with intrinsic drivers (e.g., recognition, growth opportunities). Recognition, in particular, emerged as the most impactful yet underutilized motivator. These insights contribute to improving HRM practices in healthcare institutions, especially in faith-based and resource-limited contexts.

In the face of growing complexity, resource constraints, and rising citizen expectations, public administration systems worldwide are under pressure to deliver services that are not only efficient but also equitable, adaptive, and sustainable. This study explores how digital business model innovation (DBMI) can be strategically leveraged to drive transformative changes in Nigerian public sector service delivery. Rooted in a multidisciplinary perspective that draws from public governance, strategic innovation, and technology management, the research adopts a governance reconfiguration lens to examine how traditional bureaucratic structures can be redesigned to accommodate agile, citizen-centric service models. The paper critically analyzes emerging digital platforms, ecosystem-driven value creation, and public-private co-innovation strategies that are reshaping the architecture of public value delivery. Through a mixed-methods approach combining case analysis, stakeholder interviews, and policy review, the study investigates successful applications of digital business model innovation in Nigerian contexts. Particular attention is given to how these innovations influence institutional accountability, cross-sector collaboration, and the responsiveness of public agencies. By conceptualizing a framework for digital governance transformation, the paper offers actionable insights for policymakers, public managers, and reform advocates seeking to align innovation with developmental imperatives. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on rethinking public administration by positioning digital business model innovation not merely as a technological upgrade, but as a strategic enabler of governance renewal, public trust, and inclusive development. The study recommends public sector managers to explore digital business model innovation for effective service delivery in Nigeria

Prior to the enactment of the 2007 Public Procurement Act ‘PPA, 2007’ the public procurement
system in Nigeria was reported to be severely abused, resulting in enormous losses and
construction projects were said to be marked by time and cost overruns, intrinsically low
quality, project abandonment, among others. Despite the enactment of the Act, its full
implementation is yet to be achieved, and there is paucity of research focusing on how Nigerian
Local Government Areas (LGAs) are adhering with PPA, 2007 methodologies. Therefore, this
current study looked at how much public construction projects in Nigeria’s LGA have been
complying with these methodologies. The research utilizes a mixed-methods case study
research approach with semi-structured interviews as the instrument for data collection. Due
to the small target population in the case study area, only eight procurement professionals
involved in public construction in Misau Council were interviewed for this study. Findings are
presented thematically with illustrative quotes. Content analysis of the responses revealed that
participants generally claimed a good understanding of the methodologies as stated in the PPA,
2007. Further findings revealed that, the most commonly followed methodologies during the
award and execution of public construction projects in the case study ranked in order of compliance include: bidders receive receipts indicating the date and time of submission; to
choose and identify the winning tender, bids are evaluated; bid documents are reviewed for
requirements, mistakes, and compliance; the contractor receives a negotiated mobilization
charge, not exceeding 15% of the contract value, in order to start work on the site; all
procurement procedures' records are stored securely; in some instances, due consideration is
given to domestic registered contractors. This study is timely, considering the recent July 11th
2024 judgement of the Supreme Court of Nigeria which restored the financial autonomy of
Nigeria’s 774 LGA’s. Therefore, it has added to the existing body of knowledge on public
procurement in the Nigerian construction sector in general.

Keywords: Compliance, Public Procurement Act 2007, Public Construction Projects, Local
Government Areas, Methodologies

For years due to institutional and constitutional issues, Nigeria's Local Government Areas, a
third-tier arm of executive governance in the country, were experiencing a downward spiral in
carrying out their democratic and statutory responsibilities. This study examined the state of
financing and due process compliance practices related to public construction procurement in
Nigeria’s Local Government Areas (LGA). This study employs a mixed-methods research
approach, majorly collecting data through semi-structured interviews and observation of
documents as instrument for data collection. This research is a case study and was conducted in
Misau council, Bauchi State. Findings revealed that, majority of public construction projects
were funded by legislators as part of constituency initiatives; the federal executive government;
corporations; and donor organizations respectively. The results also showed that: maintaining
effective procurement record management; enforcing compliance with public procurement rules
and regulations; guaranteeing that sufficient time is allowed for preparing bids; employing
skilled procurement staff; guaranteeing familiarity with public procurement guidelines;
avoiding conflicts of interest; ensuring professionalism by all parties; and training and
retraining of procurement staff, are basically the most effective practices influencing compliance
with due processes in LGA’s construction procurement. Thus, this study recommends the
enforcement of existing laws in the constitution and new ones should also be enacted that will
ensure and assure the financial and democratic autonomy for the Local Government
administration system of governance in Nigeria that will benefit rural communities.

The article examined the provisions of sections 21 and 22 of the Land Use Act, 1978 which provides for consent of the local government or Governor to alienation of Customary right of occupancy or Statutory Right of Occupancy respectively. The provisions of the aforementioned sections clearly lay out methods of alienations of right of occupancy for which consent is required and instances where consent shall not be required. The article relied on the doctrinal research methodology to analyse the concept of trust as a method of alienation of right of occupancy with the objective of determining whether consent is required for creation of trust over land covered by right of occupancy. More so, the article explored the principles governing creation of trust, evolution of trust, and classification of trust. The article found that although the Land Use Act does not mention trust as a method of alienation, creation of express trust does not automatically involve alienation of right of occupancy by the holder to another. More so, implied trusts are not contemplated by sections 21 and 21 of the Land Use Act since such trusts arise by operation of law. Based on the foregoing finding, it is suggested that in determining whether consent is required for creation of trust, the approach should be based on substance rather than the form of the trust. Therefore, requirement of consent for creation of trust depends on whether the trust operates to transfer the holder’s interest to trustee.

Effective governance and legal innovation are essential for steering nations toward sustainable development in climate-vulnerable countries like Nigeria. This paper critically examines Nigeria’s Climate Change Act 2021 as a transformative legal instrument that operationalizes climate governance, introduces novel mechanisms for environmental accountability, and aligns national development with international obligations such as the Paris Agreement and the SDGs.
The paper adopts doctrinal research method in exploring the institutional design and mandates established under the Act, including the National Council on Climate Change and the requirement for designated climate officers within public and private organizations. It assesses implementation challenges in regulatory enforcement, inter-agency coordination, and capacity building at subnational levels. The study also highlights the innovative use of Environmental Economic Accounting (EEA) to guide emissions reduction through a data-driven, sustainability-focused budgeting process.
A key focus is the intersection of law, governance, and stakeholder management in the petroleum sector and host communities under the Petroleum Industry Act. Mechanisms like the Host Community Development Trust (HCDT) are analyzed for their potential to support decentralized, community-driven climate action and green investment.
The paper finds that while legislation is foundational, sustainable development requires interdisciplinary collaboration—blending law, environmental science, finance, and grassroots engagement. It calls for strategic policy innovation and institutional reform to transform Nigeria’s climate law into a practical tool for resilient, inclusive, and equitable development.

The right to life is universally acknowledged as the most fundamental of all human rights, forming the bedrock upon which all other rights stand. Under the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended), Section 33 expressly guarantees the right to life. However, the extent and effectiveness of this protection remain contentious given Nigeria’s socio-political realities, judicial interpretations, and the frequent violations by state and non-state actors. It is against this background that, this paper critically examines whether the constitutional guarantee of the right to life in Nigeria is adequately protected in practice. A doctrinal method of research was adopted, where both primary and secondary sources was consulted. Having explores the scope of the rights as enshrined in the Constitution, including permissible limitations such as death penalty. It found among other things that while the constitutional guarantee exist in theory, systematic failures, institutional weaknesses, and a lack of accountability mechanisms continue to undermine its protection. It is hereby recommends among other things to enhance the enforceability and practical realization of the right to life in Nigeria.

This paper offers a critical analysis of the interaction between artificial intelligence (AI) and data protection legislation within the tourism and hospitality industry, focusing on legal risks, compliance obligations, and recommended practices. Using a doctrinal legal research approach, the paper examines relevant laws, court rulings, and policy documents, such as Nigeria’s Data Protection Act 2023 and the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), along with other international standards. Its main aims are to assess whether existing legal safeguards for customer data processed through AI are sufficient, identify compliance gaps, and propose normative solutions. The research shows that while AI enhances operational efficiency and service personalisation—evident in automated bookings and behaviour analysis—it also raises important issues around data consent, ownership, international transfers, and algorithm transparency. Findings reveal widespread non-compliance and weak enforcement in many tourism and hospitality businesses, worsened by a lack of sector-specific guidance and limited awareness of AI-related data risks. The paper concludes that current legislation is often fragmented and does not fully address new challenges posed by AI. Therefore, it recommends developing sector-specific regulatory frameworks, mandating Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs) for AI applications, and implementing capacity-building programmes to promote informed compliance. It also advocates a rights-based approach that emphasises transparency, accountability, and respect for the autonomy of data subjects. This research contributes to the ongoing legal debate on AI governance by providing practical, jurisdiction-sensitive recommendations for the lawful and sustainable integration of AI in tourism and hospitality.

Nigeria, a nation of profound cultural and biological diversity, is a rich repository of Traditional Knowledge (TK) and traditional cultural expressions (TCEs). This living heritage, encompassing everything from traditional medicine and sustainable agricultural practices to folklore and artistic designs, is fundamental to the identity, livelihood, and sustainable development of its numerous indigenous and local communities. However, this old and invaluable practice is dangerously vulnerable to misappropriation and biopiracy, a vulnerability created and perpetuated by a national intellectual property (IP) regime that is both outdated and structurally incompatible with the nature of Traditional Knowledge (TK). This article argues that the existing IP framework in Nigeria, rooted in Western concepts of individual ownership and novelty, not only fails to protect TK but actively facilitates its exploitation. It critically analyses the shortcomings of the Nigerian Copyright Act, the Patents and Designs Act, and the Trademarks Act in this regard. The analysis then turns to the “new rules” key international instruments, including the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing and the historic 2024 WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge. These instruments signify a global shift towards a community-centric, rights-based approach to TK protection. Drawing lessons from these frameworks and successful sui generis models in other developing nations, this article makes a compelling case for Nigeria to abandon piecemeal reform and adopt a comprehensive sui generis legal and institutional framework. Such a system, it concludes, is not merely a matter of legal rectitude but an imperative for preserving cultural identity, ensuring social justice, and unlocking the sustainable development potential of Nigeria’s living heritage.

In recent years, derivatives have emerged as indispensable financial instruments for risk management, price discovery, and speculative investment within global financial markets. In Nigeria, however, the development and utilisation of derivatives remain emergent, presenting both significant opportunities and regulatory challenges. This paper examines the extant legal and institutional framework governing derivatives transactions in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on the regulatory roles of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Employing a doctrinal legal research methodology, the paper interrogates the adequacy, coherence, and enforcement of current legal instruments, identifies regulatory gaps, and examines the compatibility of Nigeria’s framework with international legal standards and best practices. It finds that the Nigerian financial system stands to benefit immensely from a robust derivatives market, particularly in enhancing financial stability, deepening capital markets, and facilitating economic diversification. However, these are contingent upon the establishment of a comprehensive legal regime, an effective supervisory architecture, and sustained capacity-building initiatives for judicial officers, regulators, and legal practitioners. There is also a need for a more coordinated framework between the SEC, CBN, NGX, and FMDQ to reduce regulatory overlap and provide clear guidance to market participants. These steps will help build trust in the market and attract more investment in the future.

The Polluter Pays Principle stipulates that those responsible for pollution should bear the financial costs of preventing, controlling and remediating the pollution. It is a principle of sustainable development and one of the guiding principles in Nigeria’s National Policy on the Environment. Climate change is a major threat to the global environment and humanity necessitating concerted global efforts and immense financial resources. Nigeria, as a state party to several international treaties on climate change, has established its nationally determined contributions, all aimed at combating climate change and reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. In meeting her treaty obligations and funding climate change adaptation and mitigation programs, Nigeria could benefit from the adoption of the Polluter Pays Principle. The Climate Change Act 2021 is Nigeria's primary legislation on climate change yet there is a paucity of research on the application of the principle in climate change legislation. This paper has the following research questions: How does the Climate Change Act 2021 incorporate the Polluter Pays Principle? What are the likely prospects and challenges in applying the principle under the Act? The aim of this paper is to undertake an analysis of the Polluter Pays Principle in the Climate Change Act 2021. Through an analysis of relevant provisions of the Climate Change Act 2021, this paper highlights the opportunities and challenges in applying the Polluter Pays Principle to tackle climate change. The paper adopts the doctrinal method of legal research, placing reliance on primary sources of law namely legislation and judicial precedents as well as secondary sources. The findings of the paper contribute to the broader discourse on climate change governance by providing insight into the potential of the Polluter Pays Principle as a tool for environmental protection and sustainable development in Nigeria.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of microfinance services on poverty alleviation in Kano State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were; to investigate the impact of Microcredit Services on poverty alleviation among microfinance clients; to investigate the impact of Saving Services on poverty alleviation among microfinance clients in Kano State Nigeria. The study used descriptive survey. The target population for the study was 12,350 clients using microfinance banks in Kano State, Nigeria. The sample size for this study was 387clients determined using Sliven’s formula for sample size determination. Systematic random sampling technique was used in selecting respondents. This study used questionnaires as the instrument for primary data collection. Data collected was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The study findings indicated that there was a positive relationship between access to credit and poverty alleviation, there was strong relationship between saving services and poverty alleviation. The study recommended that the microfinance institutions, particularly Kano State microfinance banks are to strengthen their relationship by improving access to microfinance services through advertising and sensitizing actual and potential clients to use them as a means of poverty alleviation.

Successive regimes (military and civilian) in Nigeria had made concerted efforts towards alleviating poverty; however, these efforts have not yielded any fruitful result. Poverty can be classified, based on different criteria, as absolute poverty, relative poverty, rural poverty and urban poverty. However, poverty is pronounced in the rural areas than the urban areas in Nigeria. Hence, the study examined poverty and the plights of the rural populace in Kaugama local government area of Jigawa. Nevertheless, the specific objective was to examine the nature, trend and causes of poverty and to study people’s perception on poverty in Kaugama. The study used Marxist Class theory to provide theoretical orientation to the issue under investigation. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were triangulated to complement one another. Thus, one hundred and seventy questionnaires and Five in-depth interview were conducted. Multi-stage sampling used to select respondents for the study. Findings of the study revealed that the nature of poverty in Kaugama were lack of basic amenities. Also, the cause of poverty was attributed to educational deficiencies, unemployment, illiteracy, infertility of the land and deprivation social amenities. The findings also revealed that poverty leads people to engaged in crime and criminal activities. It’s also led to malnutrition and starvation, high rate of infectious diseases homelessness and prostitution among others. The study recommended that leaders should collaborate with private sector, the donor agencies for effective poverty alleviation programs. Also, the need to develop long-term strategic plans that address unemployment, policy-makers should ensure our citizen’s active participation in formulating and implementing projects of which they are supposed to be the beneficiaries and encouraged.

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of healthcare infrastructure on enrollee satisfaction in selected healthcare facilities of Kaduna State. Improving the health indices of citizens have been a major issue of concern in Kaduna State and the country at large. Kaduna State Contributory Health Scheme aims at achieving universal health coverage in the state. objective of the study was to examine how healthcare infrastructure affect enrollee satisfaction in the selected healthcare facilities of Kaduna State. The study adopted primary method in generating data for the study. Findings of the study revealed that healthcare infrastructure have positive and significant effect on enrollee satisfaction in selected healthcare facilities of Kaduna State. In line with the findings of the study, it recommends that KADCHMA should ensure that accredited healthcare facilities should prioritize cleanliness of healthcare facilities, incorporate patient centred design principles and invest in aesthetics improvements, technological advancement and functional design so as to enhancestakeholders enrollee satisfaction.

This paper critically examined the potential of Sharīʿah-based governance principles to strengthen public sector accountability within the context of Nigeria’s ethically fragile and institutionally weak administrative system. Drawing on foundational Islamic values—such as ʿadl (justice), amānah (trust), shūrā (consultation), and maṣlaḥah (public interest)—the study engaged in a doctrinal and comparative analysis of ethical governance models in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Sudan, evaluating their applicability to Nigeria's pluralistic legal and political landscape. The analysis revealed that while Sharīʿah offers a rich normative framework for just and accountable governance, its effective implementation in modern states requires contextual adaptation, legal compatibility with constitutional democracy, and institutional integrity. The paper found that the Nigerian public sector suffers from a moral deficit that cannot be addressed by procedural reforms alone. Instead, it advocates for the integration of Islamic governance principles through legislative reform, institutional innovation, value-driven civil service restructuring, and inclusive interfaith platforms.

Keywords: Sharīʿah-Based Governance, Public Sector Accountability, Siyāsah Sharʿiyyah, Nigerian Civil Service Reform, Interfaith Governance

TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY: A CORNERSTONE FOR GO0D GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA

BY

FARIDA AISHA KERA, PhD.



ABSTRACT
This paper critically examined the role of transparency and accountability as foundational elements for achieving good governance in Nigeria. It contextualized good governance as a process that entails participatory decision-making, rule of law, responsiveness, inclusiveness, effectiveness, efficiency, and consensus orientation. Drawing on national and international perspectives, Using the doctrinal research methodology, that is the use of library materials, such as statutes, textbooks and other secondary sources,.the paper explored how corruption, leadership deficiencies, and weak legal frameworks have hindered the realization of good governance in Nigeria. The research further analyzed the significance of transparency and accountability mechanisms—such as the Fiscal Responsibility Act, the Freedom of Information Act, and the activities of anti-corruption agencies such as the EFCC and ICPC—in fostering responsible public administration and citizen trust. Despite the presence of relevant legal and institutional frameworks, the study found that implementation gaps, political discretion, and lack of access to vital information continued to undermine their efficacy. The paper concluded that unless transparency and accountability are internalized as values, and the legal framework for governance is restructured to impose binding obligations on leaders, the prospects for sustainable development and democratic consolidation in Nigeria will remain elusive. It recommended systemic reforms, inclusive governance, and stronger civil society engagement as critical steps towards institutionalizing accountability and transparency in the country’s political economy.

Large deficits emerged in Europe after the oil crisis in the mid-1970s and widened dramatically after 1980, mainly due to government overspending rather than meager tax receipts. In developing countries, fiscal deficits consistently tend to exceed those of developed economies. This strain of fiscal deficits in developing countries is exacerbated by the global slowdown’s knock-on effects, the structural fragility of their public finances and their persistently high debt levels. Ways and Means Advances have become a critical option in deficit financing particularly in developing countries around the world. The study aims to assess the impact of Ways and Means Advances on deficit financing in Nigeria. The Keynesian Economics theory is used as the theoretical framework. Documentary research design was adopted to carry out investigation. The study established that fiscal deficits have remained a predominant occurrence in Nigeria even during periods of economic booms. It also maintained that the Federal Government’s repeated recourse to Ways and Means Advances highlights weaknesses in public finance management as sustained use of direct monetary financing could raise risks to macroeconomic stability, given the current weak institutional safeguards. The study recommends constrained budgeting, regulated borrowing, fiscal prudence, increased Foreign Direct Investments, and formulation of a legal basis for Ways and Means securitization, as strategies to remediate fiscal deficits and long-term Ways and Means Advances in Nigeria’s fiscal management.

This study investigates the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in enhancing effective business leadership in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria—a fast-paced, diverse, and economically critical urban center. As leadership success increasingly depends on interpersonal skills and emotional regulation in addition to technical expertise, this research explores how EI contributes to leadership effectiveness, particularly in areas such as decision-making, team management, and organizational performance. Using a descriptive survey research design, data were collected from 200 business leaders across various industries in FCT, Abuja, including finance, manufacturing, real estate, IT, and services. This study concludes that emotional intelligence is a key determinant of leadership effectiveness in the dynamic business environment of FCT, Abuja. It recommends that organizations integrate EI into leadership development, performance evaluation, and recruitment strategies. The study contributes to both academic literature and practical leadership development by emphasizing EI as a core capability for sustainable organizational success in emerging economies.
Keywords: Emotional, Intelligence, Business, Leadership, Empathy.

ABSTRACT; This article is going to talk about the various actors in managing an organization taking a wider look at the scope of bureaucratic nature of organization.
It aims at studying the various factors that leads to declining the productive output of an organization. Responsible management is an umbrella term for management practices embracing sustainability ethics and responsibility. (Laasach & Canaway ,2015). Managers of an institutions must be knowledgeable, competent in this three to be deem responsible. While this may sound relatively trivial, extent research has shown that the wider societal framework in which business and managers operates are arguably configured to induce irresponsibility (Enaals. 2014). The emerging field of responsible management studies show that indicates better management with a focus on the quality of administrative law as well as socio-economic, political, health and environmental benefits both local and global.
It will also touch the institutional frameworks such as hierarchy of authority and it’s channels of communications such as horizontal and vertical means. It will also take a critical look at the behavioral pattern of all the actors in an institution considering at their job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction mood.
It will take a look at the various factor/challenges that leads to the collapse of an institution such as corruption, nepotism , red-tapism , financial mismanagement, usurpation and so on.
Considering the factors enumerated that can leads to the collapse of an institution, this research article will concentrate on the effective management and business practices that can be used to revamp an ailing institution.
At the end ,suggestions will be made of which if adopted will revive the goal-oriented spirit of staffs and management staffs in the organization towards achieving the organizational goals and objectives.

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to examine public policy, internal security and armed banditry in Nigeria, with Zamfara and Kaduna States as case studies. The study seeks to find out the extent to which poorly implemented public policy (internal security policy) has adversely impacted on the internal security architecture of Nigeria; which resulted to some problems such as Armed Banditry in Zamfara and Kaduna States. The paper further argues that the porosity of the Nigeria's borders with her neighbors especially in the study areas, appears to compound the challenges of internal security administration and their attendant challenges. The study relied heavily on secondary data and descriptive analytical framework as its methodological orientation. The result of data analysis revealed that both the security agencies and the indigenes of Zamfara and Kaduna States compromised in the discharge of their duties. Thus, both parties were docile and accommodative to armed bandits who are clearly aliens in their land. Rather, they lived and partnered with them until the bandits exposed their real mission in the areas. The study therefore, recommends among others, the imperatives for bilateral security partnership with some world powers such as the United States of America, Israel, Britain, Russia, China, among others, to assist Nigeria government flush out bandits from Zamfara and Kaduna of Nigeria in order to usher in Socio-economic development in the area.

This paper analyzes the role of rising insecurity on transportation along Niger and Kaduna States Road networks. Insecurity manifested through banditry, kidnapping, and terrorist activities which has directly increased and disrupted mobility, threatening both economic activities as well as human, Agricultural activities and public safety. The study adopts a qualitative study approach, drawing on interviews with transport operators, commuters, and local officials, complemented by secondary data. Data gathered was analyzed using NVivo. Findings indicate that insecurity has led to higher transport costs, reduced frequency of trips on high-risk routes, withdrawal of night transport services, and increased travel time due to military checkpoints and road closures. These disruptions have significantly affected the movement of goods and people, particularly in rural and intercity routes, with serious implications for livelihoods, trade, and access to essential services. The study highlights the urgent need for coordinated security interventions, community engagement, and infrastructure investment to safeguard transportation systems in conflict-prone regions.

This paper seeks better ways to protect the environment from degradation and the consequences of artisanal gold mining in Nigeria. It examines the effectiveness of existing laws, particularly the Minerals and Mining Act, in addressing environmental degradation caused by artisanal mining practices, particularly erosion and land contamination. It focuses on the extent of Nigeria’s compliance with international best practices and other global efforts aimed at reducing the poor practices in artisanal mining, as well as assessing whether or not the country has succeeded in properly regulating artisanal mining and its harmful effects. The study adopted the doctrinal method of legal research and utilized both primary and secondary sources. It is agreeable that artisanal mining can be environmentally damaging and can create serious health and safety consequences for workers and host communities largely due to poor practices in sourcing and processing of minerals. Added to this danger is the regulatory paucity or inadequacy particularly at the domestic levels where these activities take place. The study argues that the legal framework is insufficient due to weak regulation of artisanal gold mining, weak enforcement mechanisms, lack of adequate oversight, and insufficient government regulation of illicit gold mining operations. It therefore, recommends making artisanal and small-scale mining to become an official, organized and profitable activity that uses efficient technologies and is socially and environmentally responsible. More so, there is urgent need for formalization and regulation of artisanal gold mining in line with good governance, transparency, legality and fair participation and respect for all partners.

Shari’ah Courts have been established in some Northern States of Nigeria with jurisdiction to entertain matters involving Muslims only. Although the Shariah Court laws clearly limit the application of Shari’ah to Muslims, the Court can assume jurisdiction over non-Muslim where the non-Muslim gives consent in writing. This is in recognition of the right to freedom of Religion guaranteed in the Constitution and the need to allow non- Muslim parties to voluntarily submit to the Shari’ah Court. However, the research problem is that there seems to be uncertainty in the law surrounding the requirement of consent of the non-Muslim. Thus, the paper examined the right to Freedom of Religion and the Jurisdiction of the Shari’ah Court over non-Muslims while the objective is to determine the following research questions: Can consent given by non-Muslim in writing be subsequently withdrawn? At what stage of the proceedings should consent be obtained? Can consent be given by proxy? How does the court ascertain the religion of a party? This paper relied on doctrinal research method to analyse the foregoing research questions while highlighting the fundamental nature of the issues bordering on consent as they determine the jurisdiction of the Court. The paper found that the consent of the non-Muslims in writing to the jurisdiction of the Shari’ah Court does not ipso facto vest the court with jurisdiction because the right to freedom of Religion is sacrosanct and parties, by their consent, cannot confer jurisdiction on the Court. Therefore, it was recommended that the Shari’ah Court laws should be amended to clearly define what constitutes valid consent and the rules governing consent of the non-muslim.

This paper examines the potential of Nigeria’s growing youthful population to contribute to its economic development by analyzing the country's demographic dividend through quantitative methods. Drawing on Demographic Transition Theory, the study explores the relationship between rapid population growth, changes in the age structure, and economic performance. By focusing on demographic trends, the study investigates how a larger working-age population relative to dependents can lead to enhanced economic productivity, provided there are sufficient investments in human capital and job creation. The research employs a quantitative approach, using national demographic data from sources such as the National Population Commission (NPC) and the World Bank, along with economic indicators related to employment, labor force participation, and GDP growth. Statistical techniques, including correlation and regression analysis, are used to examine the impact of the working-age population on economic growth across different sectors. The study also explores regional disparities in the demographic dividend and how local factors, such as access to education and healthcare, influence the potential for economic benefit. The findings indicate that while Nigeria’s young population offers significant potential for economic growth, realizing this dividend requires targeted investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure. The paper concludes by offering policy recommendations based on the quantitative analysis, aiming to maximize Nigeria’s demographic advantage for sustainable economic development.

Abstract
This study analysed the effect of healthcare provider attitude on enrollee satisfaction in selected healthcare facilities of Kaduna State. Improving the health indices of citizens have been a major issue of concern in Kaduna state and the country at large. Kaduna state contributory health scheme aims at achieving universal health coverage in the State. Objective of the study was to determine the extent to which health care provider attitude affects enrollee satisfaction in selected health care facilities in Kaduna State. The study adopted evaluation theory, which helped in explaining the effect of healthcare provider attitude on enrollee satisfaction. The researcher adopted primary methods in generating data for the study. The primary data were sourced through questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussion. The researcher also adopted frequency, simple percentages and regression statistical tool for test of hypothesis. The findings of the study revealed that healthcare provider attitude have positive and significant effect on enrollee satisfaction in selected healthcare facilities of Kaduna state. In line with the findings of the study, the study recommends that management of healthcare facilities in collaboration with KADCHMA should organize training session quarterly to healthcare providers (including all staff of accredited healthcare facilities, medical or non-medical) focusing on active listening, interpersonal skills, realistic communication and patient engagement.

This study examines Public Private Partnership and Housing Delivery in Niger State 2015- 2023. The study objective is to determine the extent to which Public Private Partnership has affected housing delivery in Niger state. The study adopted New Public Service (NPS) theory as propounded by Robert, Denhardt and Denhardt (2015) as a theoretical framework. The study methodology is quantitative, survey research design was used and data for the study were generated from primary source. The instrument of the primary data collection used was questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 384 respondents selected from 353,373 three local government across the three senatorial district. Stratified random sampling technique was used to draw sample from the population. Data were analysed using inferential statistical tool and multiple Regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis. The tests result revealed that, there is significant effect of Public Private Partnership and housing delivery in Niger state. The study recommend that, there must be adequate funding in terms of budgetary provision and review of the current funding arrangement of 70 percent and 30 percent between private organizations and government to aid PPP in housing delivery. More so, reduction of mortgage interest rate to facilitate access housing across the state.

Abstract
Abstract
This study examines the impact of tax reforms on the Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) of Kaduna State, Nigeria, from 2015 to 2023, with specific reference to the role of the Kaduna State Internal Revenue Service (KADIRS). Amid declining federal allocations and increasing fiscal responsibilities at the subnational level, tax reform has emerged as a critical strategy for enhancing sustainable revenue mobilization. The research focuses on three major reform dimensions—legal and regulatory restructuring, technological innovation, and taxpayer engagement—and evaluates their individual and combined effects on IGR performance.

A survey research design was employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study population comprised KADIRS staff, registered taxpayers, and institutional stakeholders, from which a sample of 292 respondents was drawn using stratified random sampling. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained from KADIRS financial records, government reports, and existing scholarly literature. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and trend analysis, providing both perceptual and empirical insights into the effectiveness of the reforms.

Findings reveal that tax reforms have had a positive and statistically significant impact on Kaduna State’s IGR. Legal reforms enhanced compliance through clearer tax laws and streamlined revenue codes. Technological innovations, particularly the deployment of digital platforms such as PayKaduna and e-tax systems, improved transparency, minimized revenue leakages, and facilitated easier access for taxpayers. Taxpayer engagement strategies—such as public education campaigns and feedback mechanisms—boosted tax morale and voluntary compliance. Despite these gains, challenges including limited outreach in rural areas, occasional system downtimes, and capacity deficits among personnel were identified.

The study concludes that integrated and sustained tax reform is essential for improving IGR at the state level. It recommends periodic policy reviews, investment in technology, taxpayer education, and institutional capacity development to consolidate and scale reform gains.